{"id":452,"date":"2024-07-21T01:25:07","date_gmt":"2024-07-20T21:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/?p=452"},"modified":"2024-07-26T00:19:57","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T20:19:57","slug":"xarici-dilin-oyr%c9%99dilm%c9%99sin%c9%99-hansi-yasdan-baslamali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/?p=452","title":{"rendered":"XAR\u0130C\u0130 D\u0130L\u0130NN \u00d6YR\u018fD\u0130LM\u018fS\u0130N\u018f HANSI YA\u015eDAN BA\u015eLAMALI?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dil insan f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r vacib sah\u0259dir ki, onsuz insan\u0131n ictimai, sosioloji varl\u0131q kimi m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Dilsiz insan c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 ictimai varl\u0131q olmaqdan uzaqla\u015faraq sad\u0259c\u0259 bioloji varl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evrilir. Dil bir \u00e7ox funksiyan\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirir. Bunlardan \u0259n \u00f6n\u0259mlisi is\u0259 onun \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t vasit\u0259si olmas\u0131 v\u0259 insanlar aras\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259n \u0259sas t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 ana dili il\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k yeni bir dilin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sidir. Lakin bir \u00e7oxlar\u0131 ikinci dil \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 prosesi zaman\u0131 bir s\u0131ra \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firl\u0259r. Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi is\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259l yaranm\u0131\u015f v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259rin yenil\u0259rinin yaranmas\u0131na m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259si, onu l\u0259ngitm\u0259sidir. Bu hadis\u0259 interferensiya adlan\u0131r. Azya\u015fl\u0131 u\u015faqlara dili \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259k asan ba\u015fa g\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, g\u0259nclik ya\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259, \u0259sas\u0259n, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r ilk d\u0259f\u0259 ingilis dili \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259rk\u0259n bu dilin t\u0259l\u0259ff\u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatlar zaman\u0131 m\u0259lum olmu\u015fdur ki, ana dili h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 ikinci dili m\u0259nims\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacib rol oynay\u0131r. M\u0259hz bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n, tan\u0131\u015f olmayan s\u0259sl\u0259rin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si bir \u00e7oxlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r yarad\u0131r, lakin qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, burada ya\u015f amili d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xarici dilin t\u0259drisi v\u0259 m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259sin\u0259 erk\u0259n ya\u015fdan ba\u015flamaq olduqca z\u0259ruridir. T\u0259dqiqatlar g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, xarici dilin t\u0259drisi g\u0259nc ya\u015fda u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n idrak inki\u015faf\u0131na m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir ed\u0259r\u0259k onun inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirir. U\u015faqlar\u0131n ikinci dili b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259rd\u0259n daha asan, tez \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 intuitiv dil bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahib olmas\u0131 dan\u0131lmaz bir faktd\u0131r. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 u\u015faqlar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ara\u015fd\u0131rmalara g\u00f6r\u0259, Amerikaya ba\u015fqa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n daimi ya\u015famaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259l\u0259n 1-6 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndak\u0131 u\u015faqlar\u0131n 68%-i bu dild\u0259 problem ya\u015famadan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r, 10-13 ya\u015f qrupuna daxil olan u\u015faqlar\u0131n is\u0259 7%-nin problemsiz dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259lum olmu\u015fdur. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n xarici dil t\u0259hsili erk\u0259n ya\u015flarda ba\u015flamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u0259zi t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n fikirl\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olaq:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259\u015fhur psixoloqlardan olan G.T.Kumkale bildirmi\u015fdir ki, u\u015faqlar xarici dili b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259rd\u0259n daha tez \u00f6yr\u0259nirl\u0259r v\u0259 bu elmi-praktik olaraq s\u00fcbut edilib. 5 ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atd\u0131qda art\u0131q u\u015faqlar dill\u0259ri qrammatik qaydalara uy\u011fun istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k bacar\u0131qlar\u0131na m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015f olurlar. Bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t u\u015faqlar\u0131n xarici dil \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flamalar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n uy\u011fun d\u00f6vrd\u00fcr. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, u\u015fa\u011fa \u015fifahi xarici dil t\u0259hsili 4 ya\u015f\u0131ndan verilm\u0259lidir. \u00c7\u00fcnki u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n beyni bu ya\u015flarda daha \u00e7evikdir, yeniliy\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131qd\u0131r, f\u0259rqli dil sisteml\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k v\u0259 q\u0259bul etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uy\u011fundur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amerikal\u0131 linqvist Kra\u015fen\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259 u\u015faqlarda dilin inki\u015faf\u0131 2 ya\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 bu inki\u015faf m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si yeniyetm\u0259 ya\u015fa q\u0259d\u0259r davam edir. Dil vasit\u0259sil\u0259 yaranan qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 idrak inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bununla birlikd\u0259, dil \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131n bu kritik d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b, ail\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit aras\u0131nda d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q m\u00f6vcud deyils\u0259, dilin t\u0259drisind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck probleml\u0259r yarana bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erk\u0259n ya\u015fl\u0131 u\u015faqlarda t\u0259drisin keyfiyy\u0259tinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir s\u0131ra metodlardan istifad\u0259 edilir. Onlardan \u0259n effektivi oyun \u0259sasl\u0131 d\u0259rsl\u0259rin ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sidir. Bu zaman onlarda \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t, sosial qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259 v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131 kimi m\u00fcsb\u0259t keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259r formala\u015f\u0131r. Bu tip t\u0259hsil u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k akademik inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259m\u0259linin qoyulmas\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynay\u0131r. Eyni zamanda ki\u00e7ik u\u015faqlara m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 v\u0259 sonrak\u0131 h\u0259yatda u\u011fur qazanma\u011fa k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259c\u0259k laz\u0131mi bacar\u0131qlar, bilikl\u0259r v\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259qdim edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Effektiv ikili \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t erk\u0259n u\u015faql\u0131q t\u0259hsilinin a\u00e7ar\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eagirdl\u0259r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ail\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259m m\u00fcnasib\u0259t qurmaq vacibdir, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu, u\u015faqlar\u0131n \u00f6zl\u0259rini t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz hiss etdiyi, d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259n\u0259n v\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirildiyi bir m\u00fchit yarad\u0131r. \u0130kit\u0259r\u0259fli \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t yaln\u0131z u\u015faqlar\u0131 dinl\u0259m\u0259k deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 onlar\u0131 \u00f6z fikir v\u0259 ideyalar\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirm\u0259kd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Bu, a\u00e7\u0131q suallar, qrup m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u015faqlarla t\u0259dris zaman\u0131 el\u0259 metodlardan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, h\u0259r bir \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259nin f\u0259rdi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131ns\u0131n. Y\u0259ni h\u0259r hans\u0131sa m\u00f6vzunun t\u0259drisi zaman\u0131 h\u0259m vizual, h\u0259m e\u015fitm\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 toxunma materiallar\u0131ndan v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259nl\u0259rin qavrama formalar\u0131 da m\u00fcxt\u0259lif v\u0259 f\u0259rdidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, azya\u015fl\u0131 u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n effektiv \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 \u015f\u0259kli oyunlardan istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sidir. Oyunlar \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 prosesini h\u0259m \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259li hala g\u0259tirir, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259dris material\u0131n\u0131 daha anla\u015f\u0131ql\u0131 edir. Eyni zamanda onlar \u015fagirdl\u0259ri h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox t\u0259sirli \u00fcsuldur. Oyunlar u\u015faqlar\u0131 m\u00fckafat sisteml\u0259ri v\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259t elementl\u0259ri il\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259ni daha maraql\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259li edir. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 oyunlar u\u015faqlarda uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli yadda\u015f\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirir, onlar m\u00f6vzular\u0131 mexaniki \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259zb\u0259rl\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n uzaqla\u015f\u0131rlar. Oyunlar, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr bacar\u0131qlar\u0131 qazand\u0131r\u0131r. Bu is\u0259 u\u015faqlara probleml\u0259ri m\u00fcxt\u0259lif perspektivl\u0259rd\u0259n h\u0259ll etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif h\u0259ll yollar\u0131 tapmaq imkan\u0131 t\u0259qdim edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pedaqoji \u0259d\u0259biyyatda ki\u00e7ik ya\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn oyunlar yarad\u0131c\u0131 v\u0259 qaydal\u0131 olmaqla iki qrupa b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarad\u0131c\u0131 oyunlar\u0131 ad\u0259t\u0259n, u\u015faqlar \u00f6z t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcrl\u0259ri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irir. Y\u0259ni real h\u0259yat hadis\u0259l\u0259ri, m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259r oyunun bir hiss\u0259si olaraq \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. M\u00fc\u0259llim v\u0259 ya t\u0259rbiy\u0259\u00e7i bel\u0259 oyunlarda \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq rol verm\u0259kl\u0259 onlar\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif obrazlar\u0131 t\u0259qlid etm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 onlara t\u0259qlidi oyunlar da deyilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qaydal\u0131 oyunlar is\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ke\u00e7irilir. Oyunun m\u0259zmununun v\u0259 qaydalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bliyind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq, ya\u015fa uy\u011funluq prinsipi \u0259sas\u0131nda qaydal\u0131 oyunlar qrupla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Xalq oyunlar\u0131 da bu q\u0259bild\u0259ndir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, oyunun t\u0259hsild\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck yeri v\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti var. Oyunlar \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259nl\u0259ri daha f\u0259al, motivasiyal\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 daha yax\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n f\u0259rdl\u0259r kimi yeti\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir. Bel\u0259c\u0259, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r v\u0259 valideynl\u0259r oyunlar\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 prosesin\u0259 daxil etm\u0259kl\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin daha yax\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259t qazanmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. T\u0259hsild\u0259 oyunlar g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yin t\u0259hsil \u00fcsullar\u0131ndan biri kimi m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynama\u011fa davam ed\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayt\u0259kin \u018fL\u0130MOVA,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ingilis dili m\u00fc\u0259llimi<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Dil insan f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r vacib sah\u0259dir ki, onsuz insan\u0131n ictimai, sosioloji varl\u0131q kimi m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":453,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mlm"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=452"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":455,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/452\/revisions\/455"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}