{"id":434,"date":"2024-07-21T00:14:27","date_gmt":"2024-07-20T20:14:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/?p=434"},"modified":"2024-08-12T21:18:47","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T17:18:47","slug":"tehsilin-mezmunu-sehvimiz-haradadir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/?p=434","title":{"rendered":"T\u018fHS\u0130L\u0130N M\u018fZMUNU: S\u018fHV\u0130M\u0130Z HARADADIR?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Hikm\u0259t \u018fL\u0130ZAD\u018f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BDU-nun professoru, pedaqoji elml\u0259r doktoru<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0259s biz bu problemi nec\u0259 h\u0259ll ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0259hsilin tarixin\u0259 diqq\u0259t etdikd\u0259, h\u0259l\u0259 q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n etibar\u0259n yeni n\u0259sl\u0259 veril\u0259n t\u0259hsilin iki m\u0259qs\u0259d \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 k\u00f6kl\u0259ndiyini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. T\u0259hsilalanlar\u0131 h\u0259yata haz\u0131rlamaq;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. T\u0259hsilalanlar\u0131 t\u0259hsilin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259hsil alma\u011fa haz\u0131rlamaq.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259hsil Qanununda t\u0259hsilin h\u0259r bir s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin m\u0259qs\u0259di bu k\u00f6kd\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131qlan\u0131r. \u00d6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 \u00fcmumi t\u0259hsil \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir: ibtidai t\u0259hsil, \u00fcmumi orta t\u0259hsil v\u0259 tam orta t\u0259hsil. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ham\u0131ya b\u0259lli olan S\u0130RR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u015eagirdl\u0259r on bir il orta m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 t\u0259hsil al\u0131rlar. Amma t\u0259hsilin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti pill\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 (bakalavriatura n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur) t\u0259hsill\u0259rini davam etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn orta m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilikl\u0259r he\u00e7 d\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 yet\u0259rli olmur. B\u0259zi orta m\u0259kt\u0259b \u015fagirdl\u0259ri XI sinifd\u0259 t\u0259hsil alark\u0259n ali m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 haz\u0131rla\u015fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn repetitorun yan\u0131na gedirl\u0259r. G\u00f6r\u0259s\u0259n s\u0259hvimiz haradad\u0131r? Biz n\u0259yi d\u00fcz etmirik? Fikrimizc\u0259, bu s\u0259hvl\u0259ri el\u0259 t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmununda axtarmal\u0131y\u0131q. Bu suallara ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn diqq\u0259ti \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00fcmumi t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmununun b\u0259zi konturlar\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259ld\u0259k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    AB\u015e-da \u00fcmumi t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    AB\u015e-da orta m\u0259kt\u0259bin birinci s\u0259viyy\u0259si ibtidai t\u0259hsil \u201cElementary school\u201d (5 il), \u00fcmumi orta t\u0259hsil \u201cmiddle school\u201d (3 il), tam orta t\u0259hsil \u201chign school\u201d (4 il) adlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u201cElementary school\u201d s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin f\u0259rdi istedadlar\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sinifd\u0259 x\u00fcsusi testl\u0259r vasit\u0259si il\u0259 onlar\u0131 qabiliyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 qruplara b\u00f6l\u00fcr, t\u0259lim prosesind\u0259 onlar\u0131n bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r f\u0259nl\u0259ri \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verilir. Bu s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259tta istedadl\u0131 v\u0259 gerid\u0259 qalan \u015fagirdl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ayr\u0131 sinifl\u0259r m\u00f6vcuddur. Bu sinifl\u0259r  ev\u0259 veril\u0259n tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlar\u0131n s\u0259viyy\u0259si v\u0259 f\u0259nl\u0259rin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si d\u0259rinliyi il\u0259 bir-birind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259nir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u201cMiddle school\u201d s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 riyaziyyat, ingilis dili, t\u0259bi\u0259t elml\u0259ri, sosial elml\u0259r (d\u00fcnya tarixi d\u0259 bura daxildir) v\u0259 b\u0259d\u0259n t\u0259rbiy\u0259si m\u0259cburi f\u0259nn kimi t\u0259dris edilir. 8-ci sinifd\u0259 is\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 olaraq xarici dil, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 ya texnologiya kimi f\u0259nl\u0259ri se\u00e7m\u0259k h\u00fcququ verilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u201cHign school\u201d s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qillik daha da \u00e7oxal\u0131r, \u015fagirdl\u0259r ali m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 q\u0259bul olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn se\u00e7dikl\u0259ri ixtisasa uy\u011fun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 f\u0259nl\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011f\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r: xarici dil, komp\u00fcter qrafikas\u0131 v\u0259 veb-dizayn, informatika, robot texnikas\u0131, jurnalistika, kinomotoqrafiya, teatr s\u0259n\u0259ti v\u0259 s. Z\u0259rur\u0259t hiss ed\u0259nl\u0259r v\u0259 ali m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rla\u015fmaq m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 \u201cAdvanced Placement\u201d adlanan 13-c\u00fc sinifd\u0259 se\u00e7dikl\u0259ri ixtisasa uy\u011fun f\u0259nl\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 daha d\u0259rin bilik \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bilirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Finlandiyada t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1-6-c\u0131 sinifl\u0259r baza orta t\u0259hsilin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131, 7-9-cu sinifl\u0259r is\u0259 baza orta t\u0259hsilin y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259si kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilir. 9 illik baza t\u0259hsilini bitirdikd\u0259n sonra \u015fagirdl\u0259r daha bir il (onuncu sinif) \u0259lav\u0259 t\u0259hsil almaq h\u00fcququna malikdir. \u018flav\u0259 t\u0259hsil m\u0259zunlar\u0131n t\u0259hsilin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti pill\u0259sin\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. 9-cu sinfi, y\u0259ni, \u00fcmumt\u0259hsil m\u0259kt\u0259bini bitirdikd\u0259n sonra \u015fagirdl\u0259r tam \u00fcmumi orta t\u0259hsil ver\u0259n liseyl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 ya texniki-pe\u015f\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259hsill\u0259rini davam etdir\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r texniki-pe\u015f\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 t\u0259hsil almaq ist\u0259y\u0259n \u015fagirdl\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ixtisas \u00fczr\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 t\u0259hsili al\u0131b, istehsalatda i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bilirl\u0259rs\u0259, liseyl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r ali m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 q\u0259bul olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hsill\u0259rini davam etdirirl\u0259r. Liseyl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259bul olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015fagirdl\u0259r orta t\u0259hsili daha y\u00fcks\u0259k balla bitirm\u0259lidirl\u0259r.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fransada t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130btidai t\u0259hsil Fransada 5 il h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir: — Bir il haz\u0131rl\u0131q kursu, iki il ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c kurs, iki il orta kurs. T\u0259hsilin bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sini bitirdikd\u0259n sonra imtahan verilir, \u015fagirdl\u0259r ibtidai t\u0259hsil haqq\u0131nda sertifikat \u0259ld\u0259 edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Orta t\u0259hsil Fransada iki blokdan ibar\u0259tdir. 6-5-ci sinifl\u0259r (burada sinifl\u0259r yuxar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259nir) m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 (kollec), 4-3-c\u00fc sinifl\u0259r oriyentasiya bloku (lisey) adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Kollecd\u0259 t\u0259hsil almaq icbaridir. \u015eagirdl\u0259r \u00fcmumt\u0259hsil f\u0259nl\u0259rinin standart toplusunu v\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir xarici dili \u00f6yr\u0259nirl\u0259r. Liseyd\u0259 is\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r mara\u011f\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n  \u0259lav\u0259 xarici dil  \u00f6yr\u0259nirl\u0259r.  3-c\u00fc sinifd\u0259n sonra t\u0259hsili bitirm\u0259 haqq\u0131nda \u015f\u0259had\u0259tnam\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259n \u015fagirdl\u0259r, bundan sonra t\u0259hsill\u0259rini davam etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn iki yol se\u00e7\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r: Ya onlar pe\u015f\u0259 t\u0259hsili haqq\u0131nda diplom ver\u0259n pe\u015f\u0259 liseyl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259hsil ala bil\u0259rl\u0259r, ya da onlar\u0131 ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259bul olma\u011fa haz\u0131rlayan liseyl\u0259r\u0259. Bu liseyl\u0259rd\u0259 proqram \u00fc\u00e7 il \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 ibtidai t\u0259hsil iki m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 (key stages) h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. I m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259  5-7, ikinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 7-11 ya\u015fl\u0131 \u015fagirdl\u0259r t\u0259hsil al\u0131rlar. \u0130btidai m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 ingilis dili, \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 riyaziyyat, t\u0259dric\u0259n is\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t f\u0259nl\u0259ri, xarici dil, humanitar, d\u0259qiq v\u0259 komp\u00fcter elml\u0259ri t\u0259dris edilir. U\u015faqlar m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259,  idmanla v\u0259 s. m\u0259\u015f\u011ful ola bil\u0259rl\u0259r. \u018fsas\u0259n onlar\u0131n sosialla\u015fmas\u0131na, \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 inam\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131na, m\u00fcst\u0259qil \u015f\u0259xs kimi yeti\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    11 ya\u015fdan 16 ya\u015f\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r orta m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 t\u0259hsil alan \u015fagirdl\u0259r GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) \u015f\u0259had\u0259tnam\u0259si almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rlan\u0131rlar.  Orta m\u0259kt\u0259b \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 iki m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. III m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 (11-13) \u015fagirdl\u0259r 15-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r f\u0259nn \u00f6yr\u0259nir, pe\u015f\u0259 y\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc m\u0259\u015f\u011f\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015ftirak edir v\u0259 sonda imtahan (Common Entrance Examination) verirl\u0259r.  IV m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 (14-16) is\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dy\u00f6nl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 burax\u0131l\u0131\u015f imtahan\u0131na (GCSE) haz\u0131rl\u0131q \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulur. Bundan sonra onlar i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 ali m\u0259kt\u0259bin q\u0259bul imtahanlar\u0131na haz\u0131rla\u015fa bil\u0259rl\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ali t\u0259hsil almaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259n 16-18 ya\u015fl\u0131 g\u0259ncl\u0259r n\u00f6vb\u0259ti m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z se\u00e7dikl\u0259ri ixtisasa uy\u011fun olaraq, 3-4 f\u0259nni se\u00e7ir v\u0259 sonda A-Level (Advanced Level Examinations) imtahan\u0131 verirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    G\u0259ldiyimiz q\u0259na\u0259t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu g\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259ks etdir\u0259n internet s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259hsil sistemi, onun qurulu\u015fu v\u0259 m\u0259zmunu haqq\u0131nda kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259lumat var v\u0259 biz ba\u015fqa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin d\u0259 t\u0259hsil sistemi, t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunu, qurulu\u015fu haqq\u0131nda qeydl\u0259r ed\u0259 bil\u0259rdik. Amma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fck ki, t\u0259sad\u00fcfi se\u00e7im \u00fczr\u0259 qeyd etdiyimiz d\u00f6rd \u00f6lk\u0259nin m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 qaneedicidir v\u0259 biz onlar\u0131 t\u0259hlil ed\u0259nd\u0259 maraql\u0131 bir m\u0259qamla qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131q. M\u0259kt\u0259b sistemi h\u0259r bir \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus f\u0259rql\u0259r\u0259 malik olsa da, onlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fagirdl\u0259rin h\u0259yata haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r ali m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. Bu, bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n m\u0259kt\u0259bin m\u0259suliyy\u0259tini art\u0131r\u0131r, ikinci t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n m\u0259kt\u0259bin m\u0259zmununun daim t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b edir. B\u0259s biz bu problemi nec\u0259 h\u0259ll ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik? Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, bunun \u0259n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li yolu Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259hsil Qanununda g\u00f6st\u0259rilib.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S\u0259hvimizin \u201cepisentri\u201d haradad\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2009-cu ild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f T\u0259hsil Qanununun 19.17. madd\u0259sind\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131r: \u201cTam orta t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259hsilalanlar\u0131n istedad v\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tinin realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, m\u00fcst\u0259qil h\u0259yata v\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 se\u00e7imin\u0259 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, f\u0259al v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00f6vqeyinin, milli v\u0259 \u00fcmumb\u0259\u015f\u0259ri d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar\u0131na h\u00f6rm\u0259t hissinin v\u0259 tolerantl\u0131\u011f\u0131n formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, m\u00fcasir informasiya-kommunikasiya texnologiyalar\u0131ndan v\u0259 dig\u0259r texniki vasit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n s\u0259rb\u0259st istifad\u0259 etm\u0259si, iqtisadi bilikl\u0259rin \u0259saslar\u0131na yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259si, xarici dill\u0259rd\u0259n birind\u0259, yaxud bir ne\u00e7\u0259sind\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t saxlamas\u0131 t\u0259min olunur\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu madd\u0259d\u0259 \u201ctam orta t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259hsilalanlar\u0131n istedad v\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tinin realla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si vur\u011fulan\u0131r. \u00dcmumi t\u0259hsil m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin istedad v\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tinin \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lmas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Fikrimizc\u0259, bunun s\u0259b\u0259bini \u00fcmumi t\u0259hsil m\u0259kt\u0259binin m\u0259zmununda axtarmal\u0131y\u0131q. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bel\u0259 bir sual\u0131 aktualla\u015fd\u0131raq: orta m\u0259kt\u0259bin ikinci v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0259viyy\u0259si bir-birind\u0259n n\u0259 il\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir?…. \u018fg\u0259r d\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259hlil ets\u0259k, m\u0259lum olar ki, yaln\u0131z sinifl\u0259rin n\u00f6mr\u0259si il\u0259, y\u0259ni t\u0259hsilin ikinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 V-IX sinif, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 X-XI sinif \u015fagirdl\u0259ri t\u0259hsil al\u0131rlar. Onlara is\u0259 t\u0259dris edil\u0259n f\u0259nl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti ikinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 yekunla\u015f\u0131r. Halbuki, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259hsil Qanununda h\u0259r bir m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259nin — ibtidai t\u0259hsilin (bax:19.9-cu madd\u0259), \u00fcmumi orta t\u0259hsilin (bax:19.13-c\u00fc madd\u0259) v\u0259 tam orta t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin (19.17.-ci madd\u0259) m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri bir-birind\u0259n k\u00f6kl\u00fc sur\u0259td\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir. Bu, onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, \u00fcmumi t\u0259hsilin ikinci v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131ya qoyulan m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259m\u00fcvafiq olaraq t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunu daha s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259lidir. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, ham\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 bir sual maraqland\u0131ra bil\u0259r: — Nec\u0259? Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, bu sual\u0131n cavab\u0131 T\u0259hsil Qanununun 19.19. — cu madd\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir: \u201cTam orta t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259hsilin t\u0259may\u00fcll\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si (humanitar, texniki, t\u0259bi\u0259t v\u0259 dig\u0259r) t\u0259min olunur\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Orta m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunu: hans\u0131 yeniliyi etm\u0259k olar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Orta m\u0259kt\u0259bin ibtidai t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259si haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n, qeyd edilm\u0259lidir ki, burada t\u0259hsilin m\u0259zmunu d\u00fcnya t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259haz\u0131rl\u0131q m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sinin m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edilm\u0259si, fikrimizc\u0259 daha d\u00fczg\u00fcn olard\u0131. Bu haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n proqram\u0131 psixoloqlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r, u\u015faqlara I sinifd\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n bilikl\u0259r \u00f6yr\u0259dilm\u0259m\u0259li, onlar\u0131n psixoloji haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (motivasiyan\u0131n, duy\u011fu \u00fczvl\u0259rinin, t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, t\u0259x\u0259yy\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn v\u0259 dig\u0259r psixi prosesl\u0259rin formala\u015fmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 z\u0259ruri olmal\u0131d\u0131r) \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u0259hsilin ikinci v\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 haz\u0131rda Az\u0259rbaycan dili, \u018fd\u0259biyyat, Riyaziyyat, H\u0259yat bilgisi, \u0130nformatika, T\u0259sviri inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t, Az\u0259rbaycan tarixi, \u00dcmumi tarix,  Musiqi, Fiziki t\u0259rbiy\u0259, \u0130ngilis dili, Rus dili, Texnologiya, Fizika, Co\u011frafiya, Biologiya, Kimya, \u00c7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015faq\u0259d\u0259rki haz\u0131rl\u0131q, Qaraba\u011f tarixi (fak\u00fclt\u0259tiv) f\u0259nl\u0259ri t\u0259dris olunur. Bu f\u0259nl\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259drisi z\u0259ruridir. Lakin bu f\u0259nl\u0259rin t\u0259drisi davamedici xarakter da\u015f\u0131mamal\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar m\u0259zmun bax\u0131m\u0131ndan iki hiss\u0259y\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259lidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • 1.T\u0259tbiqi xarakter da\u015f\u0131yan  bilikl\u0259r;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 2. N\u0259z\u0259ri xarakter da\u015f\u0131yan bilikl\u0259r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      T\u0259tbiqi xarakter da\u015f\u0131yan bilikl\u0259r T\u0259hsil Qanununun 19.13-c\u00fc madd\u0259sinin t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fcmumi t\u0259hsilin ikinci s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259dris edilm\u0259li, \u015fagirdl\u0259rin h\u0259yata haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259hsilini davam etdir\u0259 bilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ruri bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan z\u0259ruri olan bilikl\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ehtiva etm\u0259lidir. T\u0259hsil Qanununun 19.16.-c\u0131 madd\u0259sind\u0259 deyilir: \u201c\u00dcmumi orta t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 yekun qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259 apar\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 t\u0259hsili ba\u015fa vuran t\u0259hsilalanlara m\u00fcvafiq d\u00f6vl\u0259t s\u0259n\u0259di verilir. \u00dcmumi orta t\u0259hsil haqq\u0131nda s\u0259n\u0259d t\u0259hsilin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti pill\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 davam etdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas say\u0131l\u0131r\u201d. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259 des\u0259k, t\u0259hsilin bu s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259dris edil\u0259n f\u0259nl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131ya qoyulan m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r, y\u0259ni \u015fagirdl\u0259rin h\u0259yata haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259hsilin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259hsilini davam etdirm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyi u\u011furlar\u0131n qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si il\u0259 yekunla\u015f\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0130kinci hiss\u0259y\u0259 daxil edil\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259ri bilikl\u0259r is\u0259 tam orta t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin ali m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 q\u0259bul olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn se\u00e7diyi ixtisasa haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6n\u0259mli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259may\u00fcl sinifl\u0259r yaratmaqla t\u0259hsilimizi daha da t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015f oluruq.  Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn T\u0259hsil Qanununun 19.19.-cu madd\u0259sind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rildiyi kimi \u201chumanitar\u201d, \u201ctexniki\u201d, \u201ct\u0259bi\u0259t\u201d v\u0259 dig\u0259r t\u0259may\u00fcl sinifl\u0259rd\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin h\u0259m h\u0259yata haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 davam etdirm\u0259k, h\u0259m d\u0259 ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259bul olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k f\u0259nl\u0259r t\u0259dris olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0259may\u00fcl sinifl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259min ixtisasa uy\u011fun f\u0259nl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015faq\u0259d\u0259rki haz\u0131rl\u0131q, Qaraba\u011f tarixi (fak\u00fclt\u0259tiv) kimi aktual f\u0259nl\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n ham\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259m h\u0259yati vacib olan, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 fak\u00fclt\u0259tiv xarakter da\u015f\u0131yan  \u201cm\u0259i\u015f\u0259t kimyas\u0131\u201d, \u201ckomp\u00fcter elml\u0259ri\u201d, \u201cm\u00fcasir texnologiyalar\u201d, \u201cmedia vasit\u0259l\u0259ri\u201d, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f v\u0259 s. bu kimi kurslar h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Texniki v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t t\u0259may\u00fcll\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 sinifl\u0259rd\u0259 riyaziyyat t\u0259bii ki, ixtisas f\u0259nni kimi t\u0259dris edil\u0259c\u0259k. Fikrimizc\u0259, humanitar xarakterli t\u0259may\u00fcl sinifl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin riyazi t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn tam orta t\u0259hsil s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 riyaziyyat f\u0259nninin t\u0259drisi z\u0259ruri olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259bul imtahanlar\u0131n\u0131n meyar\u0131 B\u0130L\u0130K, yoxsa QAB\u0130L\u0130YY\u018fT olmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      D\u0130M \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 ali m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 q\u0259bul m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 \u015f\u0259ffafl\u0131q yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcnd\u0259 universitetl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259bulun \u015f\u0259ffaf formada ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259hsil i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259rini q\u00fcrurland\u0131r\u0131r. D\u0130M uzun ill\u0259rdir bilikl\u0259rin yoxlanmas\u0131nda test \u00fcsulundan istifad\u0259 edir. Bu, \u015fagirdin biliyinin yadda\u015f \u0259sas\u0131nda yoxlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Son bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ild\u0259 D\u0130M a\u00e7\u0131q testl\u0259ri d\u0259 yoxlama testl\u0259rin\u0259 daxil etm\u0259kl\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin bilikl\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 da yoxlama\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Biz bunu t\u0259qdir edirik v\u0259 yax\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q testl\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131n maksimim h\u0259dd\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun say\u0131r\u0131q.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Haz\u0131rda inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 idman ixtisaslar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qabiliyy\u0259t imtahanlar\u0131 ke\u00e7irilir (bu imtahanlar\u0131n da t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 ehtiyac vard\u0131r). Dig\u0259r ixtisaslar \u00fczr\u0259 is\u0259 D\u0130M t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qabiliyy\u0259t testl\u0259ri ke\u00e7iril\u0259 v\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b m\u0259zununun se\u00e7diyi ixtisasa yararl\u0131q d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si yoxlan\u0131la bil\u0259r. Bu, h\u0259m d\u0259 ona g\u00f6r\u0259 z\u0259ruridir ki, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 b\u0259zi hallarda valideynl\u0259r v\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ali m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259bul motivasiyas\u0131, ixtisas se\u00e7imi d\u00fczg\u00fcn qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilmir. \u018fks\u0259r hallarda m\u0259kt\u0259b m\u0259zunlar\u0131 toplad\u0131qlar\u0131 bala uy\u011fun \u201ct\u0259ki ali m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 q\u0259bul olum\u201d ideyas\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verirl\u0259r. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tinin v\u0259 h\u0259min ixtisas \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yararl\u0131l\u0131q d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sinin uy\u011fun olmamas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 kursdan-kursa ke\u00e7ir, ali m\u0259kt\u0259bi bitirir, amma \u00f6lk\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259 bilmir, yiy\u0259l\u0259ndiyi ixtisas \u00fczr\u0259 he\u00e7 bir u\u011fur qazana bilmir, ya ixtisas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fir, ya da h\u0259r hans\u0131 ba\u015fqa bir i\u015fl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olur.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Son s\u00f6z \u0259v\u0259zi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u00fcst\u0259qillik \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyimiz d\u00f6vrd\u0259, biz bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n m\u0259nfur v\u0259 hiyl\u0259g\u0259r d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015f\u0131q, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259nin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 z\u0259ruri i\u015fl\u0259r yerin\u0259 yetirmi\u015fik. T\u0259bii ki, t\u0259hsil sistemimizi d\u0259 yenid\u0259n qurmu\u015fuq. Tarixin he\u00e7 bir d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 yenilik n\u00f6qsans\u0131z olmay\u0131b. N\u00f6qsan g\u00fcnah deyil, g\u00fcnah onlar\u0131 aradan qald\u0131rmamaq v\u0259 ya aradan qald\u0131rma\u011fa c\u0259hd etm\u0259m\u0259kdir. Bunun bir yolu var: h\u0259qiqi reall\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dialoq v\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r aparmaq. Sevindirici hald\u0131r ki, T\u0259hsil Nazirliyi bu yola \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verir v\u0259 son d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 dialoq v\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131 \u00e7oxal\u0131r. Bu, onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, yax\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 t\u0259hsil i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259ri Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Prezidenti \u0130lham \u018fliyevin t\u0259hsilin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na qoydu\u011fu probleml\u0259ri u\u011furla h\u0259ll ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. <\/p>\n

      <\/a>\"image_print\"<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Hikm\u0259t \u018fL\u0130ZAD\u018f BDU-nun professoru, pedaqoji elml\u0259r doktoru B\u0259s biz bu problemi nec\u0259 h\u0259ll ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":435,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haliz","category-pr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=434"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":775,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/434\/revisions\/775"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}