{"id":379,"date":"2024-07-20T22:25:48","date_gmt":"2024-07-20T18:25:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/?p=379"},"modified":"2024-07-26T00:14:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T20:14:00","slug":"m%c9%99kt%c9%99b-icmasi-v%c9%99-onun-az%c9%99rbaycan-s%c9%99raitind%c9%99-formalasdirilmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/?p=379","title":{"rendered":"M\u018fKT\u018fB \u0130CMASI V\u018f ONUN AZ\u018fRBAYCAN \u015e\u018fRA\u0130T\u0130ND\u018f FORMALA\u015eDIRILMASI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u0130ntiqam C\u018fBRAYILOV<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259hsil \u0130nstitutunun T\u0259hsilin n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si v\u0259 tarixi \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u00fcdiri, pedaqogika \u00fczr\u0259 elml\u0259r doktoru, professor<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u0259\u015fkili, f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fcasir yana\u015fmalar\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131 t\u0259lim-t\u0259rbiy\u0259 i\u015finin keyfiyy\u0259tinin y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259sin\u0259, \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131na ciddi t\u0259sir bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0259hsil tarixind\u0259n m\u0259lumdur ki, m\u0259kt\u0259b h\u0259r zaman t\u0259lim v\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259 oca\u011f\u0131 hesab edilmi\u015fdir. B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 formala\u015fan yeni n\u0259sl\u0259 elml\u0259rin \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yr\u0259dilm\u0259si, onlar\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qil h\u0259yata haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 kimi m\u00fch\u00fcm i\u015fl\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bin b\u00f6y\u00fck xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri olmu\u015fdur. D\u00fcnya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri d\u0259 bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rini indi d\u0259 u\u011furla davam etdirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bin  f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti daha da geni\u015fl\u0259nir, \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri d\u0259  getdikc\u0259 art\u0131r. Bu da ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin t\u0259l\u0259batlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, qloballa\u015fma d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131, yeni informasiya texnologiyalar\u0131  il\u0259 bilavasit\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. C\u0259miyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n indiki m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcasir, h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli, c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha b\u00f6y\u00fck faydalar ver\u0259 bil\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ehtiyac \u00e7oxdur. Bel\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259si is\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259, t\u0259lim-t\u0259rbiy\u0259 i\u015fi il\u0259 birba\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elmi ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar v\u0259 tarixi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 demokratik prinsipl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l olunmas\u0131, sosial  f\u0259all\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin artmas\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131n davaml\u0131 xarakter almas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan, qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri z\u0259minind\u0259  \u0259n do\u011fru model kimi Avropa v\u0259 Amerikada m\u00f6vcud olan v\u0259 t\u0259hsil\u0259 \u201cm\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131\u201d adlanan yana\u015fman\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259 olaraq t\u0259qdim ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fikrimizc\u0259, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 suallara cavab verm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n mahiyy\u0259ti, f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmaq v\u0259 onu s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259km\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  • 1. M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131 n\u0259dir?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 2. M\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn icma laz\u0131md\u0131r?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 3. M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131 \u015fagird nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsi inki\u015faf\u0131na nec\u0259 t\u0259sir edir?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 4. M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maraql\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa nec\u0259 c\u0259lb etm\u0259k olar?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 5. M\u0259kt\u0259b icma \u00fczvl\u0259rinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti n\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 6. R\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259r, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r, \u015fagirdl\u0259r, valideynl\u0259r v\u0259 maraql\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r il\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri nec\u0259 qurmaq olar?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131 n\u0259dir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130lk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131 n\u0259dir? sual\u0131na ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tirm\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac vard\u0131r. Qeyd etm\u0259liyik ki, \u201cm\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 Amerika pedaqogikas\u0131nda v\u0259 t\u0259hsil psixologiyas\u0131nda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 onillikl\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259l yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Avropa v\u0259 Amerikada m\u0259kt\u0259b islahatlar\u0131 zaman\u0131 bu yana\u015fma geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 haz\u0131rda c\u0259miyy\u0259tin v\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bin h\u0259yat\u0131nda apar\u0131c\u0131 yer tutur. O, demokratiya, kollegiall\u0131q, m\u0259kt\u0259b s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyi, situasiya liderliyi, \u015fagird v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin bir-biri il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 prinsipl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r. Buraya h\u0259m n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259, y\u0259ni \u015fagirdl\u0259rin bilikl\u0259r\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259si, t\u0259dris prosesi,  m\u00fc\u0259llimin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti aid edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 \u00fcmumt\u0259hsil m\u0259kt\u0259binin v\u0259 onun yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi regionun d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r sisteminin inki\u015faf\u0131na faydalar ver\u0259n m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131 yeni c\u0259miyy\u0259t qurma\u011f\u0131n  m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun  yolu hesab etm\u0259k olar. Bundan \u00f6tr\u00fc b\u00f6y\u00fck maliyy\u0259 x\u0259rcl\u0259ri t\u0259l\u0259b olunmur. Ara\u015fd\u0131rmalardan ayd\u0131n olur ki, m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131 (y\u0259ni, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r, valideynl\u0259r v\u0259 i\u015f\u00e7il\u0259r) m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 oxuyan \u015fagirdl\u0259rin t\u0259hsili \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcmumi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 standartlara malikdirl\u0259r. Bu icman\u0131n \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, t\u0259dris prosesinin b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 (m\u0259kt\u0259b r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r, \u015fagirdl\u0259r v\u0259 valideynl\u0259r) aras\u0131nda b\u0259rab\u0259rh\u00fcquqlu qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259, onlar\u0131n icman\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun ya\u015famaq ist\u0259yi olur.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    M\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 n\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn icma laz\u0131md\u0131r sual\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, c\u0259miyy\u0259t ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 f\u0259rdl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t oldu\u011fu kimi, m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131 da ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 sosial statusa malik insanlar\u0131n birg\u0259, bir m\u0259qs\u0259d \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 formas\u0131d\u0131r. M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131, bir qayda olaraq, \u00f6z daxilind\u0259 insanlar\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirir, bu da \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259k v\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n motivasiyan\u0131n yaranmas\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Burada ortaq \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259min edilir. \u00d6yr\u0259nm\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rinin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259si is\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda hesabatl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u015eagird nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u0259siri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131 \u015fagird nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi inki\u015faf\u0131na nec\u0259 t\u0259sir edir? sual\u0131 da maraq do\u011furur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u0259lumdur ki, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259 prosesinin \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 bilikl\u0259ri, m\u00fcnasib\u0259t v\u0259 t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr \u00fcslublar\u0131n\u0131, normalar\u0131, d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri, ist\u0259k v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t modell\u0259rini \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259kl\u0259, onlar\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k m\u00fcst\u0259qil h\u0259yata haz\u0131rlamaq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri dayan\u0131r. M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 olan m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 s\u00f6zd\u0259 deyil, \u0259m\u0259ld\u0259 demokratik m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r modelini formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Bel\u0259 bir icman\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259lim n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rini yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259kt\u0259b \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259st\u0259yi, \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fagirdl\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 qavrama s\u0259viyy\u0259sini, analiz — sintez etm\u0259k, n\u0259tic\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarmaq bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 birg\u0259 r\u0259q\u0259msal \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 m\u00fchitinin t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si d\u0259 vacibdir. Bu da \u015fagirdl\u0259rin t\u0259lim materiallar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k, onlarla qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259liliyi, \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131rmaq v\u0259 r\u0259y almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha \u00e7ox imkanlar qazanma\u011fa z\u0259min yarad\u0131r. F\u0259rdil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 m\u00fchitinin t\u0259\u015fkil edilm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259r bir \u015fagird \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn f\u0259rdi \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 m\u00fchitini yaratmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bel\u0259 ki, \u015fagirdl\u0259r he\u00e7 d\u0259 eyni \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 v\u0259 ya eyni s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nmirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fczvl\u0259ri \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 prosesind\u0259, probleml\u0259rin h\u0259llind\u0259 v\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 t\u00f6hf\u0259 verm\u0259sind\u0259 rol oynay\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Maraq do\u011furan dig\u0259r suallardan biri d\u0259 bel\u0259dir: M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maraql\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa nec\u0259 c\u0259lb etm\u0259k olar?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Qeyd etm\u0259liyik ki, m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fagirdl\u0259rin v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin probleml\u0259rinin yarad\u0131c\u0131 h\u0259llind\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259ni, \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131  n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur. Bu \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015f\u0259ffaf v\u0259 demokratik prinsipl\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259min olunmas\u0131, n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin obyektiv qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259k i\u015fl\u0259rin ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 konkretliyi n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259  icmaya mara\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 inam\u0131 t\u0259min edir. \u0130cmaya inam is\u0259 onun g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin daha s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li t\u0259\u015fkilin\u0259 z\u0259min haz\u0131rlay\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u0259kt\u0259b icma \u00fczvl\u0259rinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u00fch\u00fcm suallardan  biri d\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b icma \u00fczvl\u0259rinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin  n\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t olmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u00fcvafiq qaydalara uy\u011fun olaraq m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri bir-birl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r, intellektual \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 m\u00fchitini t\u0259min edir v\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fczvl\u0259rinin t\u0259msil olundu\u011fu sa\u011flam sosial m\u00fchit yarad\u0131rlar. T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, m\u0259kt\u0259bin rifah\u0131na s\u0259rmay\u0259 qoyan m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r, f\u0259rdl\u0259r, se\u00e7ilmi\u015f n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259r, xeyriyy\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si say\u0131la bil\u0259r. \u0130cman\u0131n t\u0259\u015fkilin\u0259 bel\u0259 yana\u015fma da onun f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin \u00e7evik t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131nda  \u00fczvl\u0259rin h\u0259r birinin s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri vard\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u0259kt\u0259b r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259  icmaya laz\u0131mi d\u0259st\u0259yin g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259si, icma \u00fczvl\u0259rinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m izl\u0259nilm\u0259si, ayl\u0131q v\u0259 illik hesabatlar\u0131n dinl\u0259nilm\u0259si, m\u00fcvafiq tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlar\u0131n verilm\u0259si v\u0259 \u015f\u0259raitin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 daxildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin f\u0259aliyy\u0259t dair\u0259si d\u0259 geni\u015fdir.  M\u0259lumdur ki, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 oxuyan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fagirdl\u0259rd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc kollektiv \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rlar. Onlar m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131 daxilind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fagirdl\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131na nail olmaq, t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f t\u0259hsil istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di da\u015f\u0131yan pe\u015f\u0259karlard\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259hsil m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7atmaqda yol g\u00f6st\u0259rir, mentor kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir, \u015fagirdl\u0259rin b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259si v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yici m\u00fchiti formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcm komponentl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 valideynl\u0259rdir. Onlar \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 evd\u0259 balansl\u0131 ail\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131 v\u0259 ideal \u015f\u0259raitin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn  s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. Valideynl\u0259rin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 ev tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259kd\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k, m\u0259kt\u0259b q\u0259rarlar\u0131 v\u0259 idar\u0259etm\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131qm\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131nda \u015fagirdl\u0259rin f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti d\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm amill\u0259rd\u0259ndir. \u015eagirdl\u0259r m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n daxili nizam — intizam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259li, \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rini ayd\u0131n d\u0259rk etm\u0259li, icma \u00fczvl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 saxlamal\u0131, \u00e7\u0259tinlik \u00e7\u0259kdiyi h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 icman\u0131n d\u0259st\u0259yind\u0259n istifad\u0259ni bacarmal\u0131, \u00f6z h\u0259mya\u015f\u0131dlar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259bin \u015fagird kontingenti aras\u0131nda icman\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li m\u0259lumat verm\u0259lidirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li f\u0259aliyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r nec\u0259 qurulmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259r, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r, \u015fagirdl\u0259r, valideynl\u0259r v\u0259 maraql\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r il\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri nec\u0259 qurmaq olar?  Elmi ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri olan m\u0259kt\u0259b r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rinin, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin, valideynl\u0259rin, \u015fagirdl\u0259rin v\u0259 maraql\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da qeyd olunan c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rin n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131 vacibdir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • 1. Pedaqoji prosesin b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 inam\u0131;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 2. B\u00fct\u00fcn etik v\u0259 \u0259xlaqi standartlara uy\u011funluq;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 3. Birinci sinif \u015fagirdl\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq ham\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015find\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 4. \u015eagirdl\u0259rin v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin \u00fcmumi i\u015f\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si, m\u0259kt\u0259b probleml\u0259rinin h\u0259llind\u0259 v\u0259 i\u015fin t\u0259\u015fkilind\u0259 s\u0259ri\u015ft\u0259lilik bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumatl\u0131 olmas\u0131;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 5. M\u0259kt\u0259bin t\u0259hsil d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rinin d\u0259rk edilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00fcmumi yana\u015fman\u0131n t\u0259min olunmas\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f davaml\u0131 i\u015f (m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r, m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259r, \u201cd\u0259yirmi masa\u201d);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 6. \u015eagirdl\u0259r v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q v\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 7. T\u0259dris metodu kimi dialoq v\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259y\u0259 \u0259saslanan i\u015f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 8. N\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xaran s\u0259rb\u0259st raz\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u0259lim f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259 ham\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259al i\u015ftirak\u0131;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 9. M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin v\u0259 valideynl\u0259rin birg\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min olunmas\u0131;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 10. M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczv\u00fc olan h\u0259r bir k\u0259sin icman\u0131n \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rin\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d olmas\u0131 v\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131ya qoyulan m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259 nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn birg\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259si;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 11. H\u0259r bir \u00fczv\u00fcn icman\u0131n daxili nizam-intizam\u0131na \u0259m\u0259l etm\u0259si;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 12. \u015eagirdl\u0259r\u0259 pe\u015f\u0259 y\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc, g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k pe\u015f\u0259 se\u00e7imin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259klik edilm\u0259si;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 13. Valideynl\u0259rin m\u0259kt\u0259b h\u0259yat\u0131na c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 14. M\u0259kt\u0259b icmas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lveri\u015fli \u015f\u0259raitin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      G\u00fccl\u00fc m\u0259kt\u0259b-icma t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn strategiyalara daim diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259k vacibdir. Bel\u0259 ki, m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 icma aras\u0131nda effektiv \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin qurulmas\u0131 v\u0259 saxlan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli strategiya i\u015fl\u0259nilm\u0259si v\u0259 davaml\u0131 olaraq t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun say\u0131l\u0131r. Buraya m\u0259kt\u0259b \u0259razisind\u0259 v\u0259 ya k\u0259narda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yerl\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 daxildir. M\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259  valideynl\u0259r v\u0259 icma \u00fczvl\u0259rinin  h\u0259m qeyri-r\u0259smi, h\u0259m d\u0259 r\u0259smi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rinin ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si, m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259\u015fkili, q\u0259rarlar\u0131n q\u0259bul olunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcvafiq \u015f\u0259raitin t\u0259min olunmas\u0131 vacib m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 icma aras\u0131ndak\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015fl\u0131q m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 dair siyas\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 ya yenid\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si h\u0259m m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin, h\u0259m d\u0259 icma \u00fczvl\u0259rinin fikirl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdirm\u0259lidir. Bu siyas\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f ehtiyaclar\u0131 v\u0259 prioritetl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almal\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015fl\u0131q sazi\u015finin ba\u011flanmas\u0131na t\u00f6hf\u0259 verm\u0259lidir. \u018flav\u0259 olaraq, f\u0259aliyy\u0259t planlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n vaxt \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan resurslarla birlikd\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar m\u0259lumatland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.  Plana effektiv t\u0259r\u0259fda\u015fl\u0131qlar\u0131n qurulmas\u0131, davam etdirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259lim v\u0259 dig\u0259r d\u0259st\u0259k t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri daxil edilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 icma aras\u0131nda \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin qurulmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259kt\u0259b r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n a\u011fsaqqal v\u0259 ya a\u011fsaqqallar\u0131n  t\u0259yin edilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fundur. M\u0259hz bu \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r  m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 icma n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si kimi \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fch\u00fcm \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirici funksiyan\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259 icma aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r birg\u0259 inki\u015faf, m\u0259kt\u0259b v\u0259 icma aras\u0131nda effektiv qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 informasiya v\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 anla\u015fman\u0131n d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 istiqam\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259lidir. T\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k olar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n