{"id":1153,"date":"2024-09-25T23:42:20","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T19:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/?p=1153"},"modified":"2024-09-25T23:42:21","modified_gmt":"2024-09-25T19:42:21","slug":"steam-ve-stem-tehsilinin-ferqli-terefleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/?p=1153","title":{"rendered":"STEAM V\u018f STEM T\u018fHS\u0130L\u0130N\u0130N F\u018fRQL\u0130 T\u018fR\u018fFL\u018fR\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) m\u00fcasir t\u0259hmsil yana\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ehtiva etm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259ri bir araya g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, t\u0259nqidi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259ni v\u0259 problem h\u0259lletm\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirir. STEAM s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259ki «Arts» (\u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t) yaln\u0131z t\u0259sviri inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 dizayn\u0131 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 dil, humanitar elml\u0259r, musiqi, dram, r\u0259qs v\u0259 median\u0131 da \u0259hat\u0259 edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259dqiqatlar STEAM t\u0259hsilinin \u015fagirdl\u0259ri g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 u\u011fur qazanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacib bacar\u0131qlarla t\u0259min etdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. T\u0259dqiqatlar s\u00fcbut edir ki, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin STEM sah\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 inteqrasiyas\u0131 yaln\u0131z \u015fagirdl\u0259rin mara\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131r, h\u0259m d\u0259 onlar\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131 problem h\u0259lletm\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Harvard Universitetinin \u201cProject Zero\u201d t\u0259dqiqat\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259tin STEM t\u0259hsilin\u0259 daxil edilm\u0259si u\u015faqlar\u0131n t\u0259nqidi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 v\u0259 birg\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tini yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r ki, bu da getdikc\u0259 daha m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b hala g\u0259l\u0259n d\u00fcnyada \u0259sas bacar\u0131qlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, OECD-nin PISA 2018 v\u0259 2022 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, t\u0259hsil sisteml\u0259rind\u0259 STEAM strategiyalar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259tbiq ed\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r daha y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 innovasiya v\u0259 adaptasiya qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik kadrlar yeti\u015fdirirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

STEAM layih\u0259l\u0259ri u\u015faqlar\u0131 h\u0259m analitik, h\u0259m d\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131 prosesl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 probleml\u0259ri ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa t\u0259\u015fviq edir. Bu f\u0259nl\u0259raras\u0131 layih\u0259l\u0259r \u00e7ox vaxt \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q, iteraktiv dizayn v\u0259 eksperimentl\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirir ki, bu da real i\u015f m\u00fchitl\u0259ri il\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u00fch\u0259ndislik prinsipl\u0259ri v\u0259 b\u0259dii dizayn\u0131n bir robototexnika layih\u0259sind\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si h\u0259m texniki bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n, h\u0259m d\u0259 estetik yenilikl\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131na imkan yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

STEAM t\u0259hsil yana\u015fmas\u0131 riyaziyyat\u0131n, elmin «s\u0259rt» bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q, kommunikasiya v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q kimi «yum\u015faq» bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir. Beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259dqiqatlar v\u0259 real t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r s\u00fcbut edir ki, bu model sad\u0259c\u0259 pedaqoji \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 deyil, eyni zamanda g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259rin innovativ potensial\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u00e7ard\u0131r. Bel\u0259c\u0259, STEAM f\u0259nl\u0259ri ayr\u0131ca t\u0259dris etm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, onlar\u0131 real d\u00fcnyadak\u0131 t\u0259tbiql\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslanan vahid \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 modelind\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

STEAM v\u0259 STEM aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rq n\u0259dir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ox\u015far olsa da, STEAM v\u0259 STEM t\u0259hsili bir-birini \u0259v\u0259z ed\u0259n terminl\u0259r deyil. Bel\u0259 ki, STEM t\u0259hsili elm, texnologiya, m\u00fch\u0259ndislik v\u0259 riyaziyyat kimi \u0259sas sah\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 edir. STEAM is\u0259 bu sah\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u201c\u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t\u201di (arts) \u0259lav\u0259 edir, lakin f\u0259rq yaln\u0131z bir h\u0259rfi art\u0131rmaqdan ibar\u0259t deyil. STEM elmi anlay\u0131\u015flara diqq\u0259t yetirir, STEAM is\u0259 bu anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q prosesi il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirir. STEAM t\u0259hsili zaman\u0131 \u015fagirdl\u0259r h\u0259m beynin sa\u011f (yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q), h\u0259m d\u0259 sol (m\u0259ntiq) t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rini i\u015f\u0259 salaraq probleml\u0259ri h\u0259ll edir v\u0259 yeni t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259r ortaya qoyur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

STEAM t\u0259hsilinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti n\u0259dir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

STEAM t\u0259hsilinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u0259sas amil \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n izah ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Birincisi, m\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyada innovasiya v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131q h\u0259yati \u00f6n\u0259m da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. G\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259r d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 qlobal probleml\u0259rin h\u0259lli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni yollar tapmal\u0131 v\u0259 do\u011fru suallar verm\u0259yi bacarmal\u0131d\u0131r. STEAM t\u0259hsili \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 yaln\u0131z \u201ckim\u201d v\u0259 \u201cn\u0259\u201d suallar\u0131n\u0131 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u201cnec\u0259\u201d v\u0259 \u201cniy\u0259\u201d suallar\u0131n\u0131 cavabland\u0131rma\u011fa imkan verir. Misal \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, texnologiyada \u0259ld\u0259 olunan u\u011furlar enerji saxlama, k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda innovativ \u00fcsullar\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259tin qorunmas\u0131 kimi sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 insanlar\u0131n v\u0259 planetin xeyrin\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi, STEAM t\u0259hsili \u015fagirdl\u0259ri s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131na haz\u0131rla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Yeni s\u0259naye inqilab\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259m qoyark\u0259n, m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r \u015fagirdl\u0259ri h\u0259l\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmayan bir \u00e7ox i\u015f\u0259 haz\u0131rlamal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Avtomatla\u015fd\u0131rma bir \u00e7ox t\u0259krarlanan i\u015fl\u0259ri \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259 (McKinsey&Company-\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rin 60%-d\u0259 30%-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r), insan yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259ti \u0259v\u0259zolunmazd\u0131r. Bu t\u0259hsil modeli \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yin i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda vacib olan kritik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259, kreativlik v\u0259 innovativ probleml\u0259rin h\u0259lli bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lay\u0131r. T\u0259hsilin bu yana\u015fmas\u0131 yeni s\u0259naye inqilab\u0131na cavab verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 daha yarad\u0131c\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0259ri\u015ft\u0259li m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssis-kadrlara \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, STEAM t\u0259hsili \u015fagirdl\u0259rin t\u0259dris\u0259 mara\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130nteqrativ v\u0259 holistik yana\u015fma say\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r elml\u0259r v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t sah\u0259l\u0259rini ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 deyil, b\u00f6y\u00fck bir b\u00fct\u00f6v\u00fcn hiss\u0259si kimi q\u0259bul edirl\u0259r. Bu is\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif f\u0259nl\u0259ri bir araya g\u0259tir\u0259r\u0259k probleml\u0259ri h\u0259ll etm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 daha geni\u015f perspektivd\u0259n baxmas\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda STEAM<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda STEAM t\u0259hsil metodologiyas\u0131n\u0131n aktiv \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259tbiqi Birinci vitse-prezident Mehriban \u018fliyevan\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc v\u0259 T\u0259hsil Nazirliyinin (indiki Elm v\u0259 T\u0259hsil Nazirliyi) d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 \u201cSTEAM Azerbaijan\u201d layih\u0259si 2019-2020-ci t\u0259dris ilind\u0259n start g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda STEAM t\u0259hsili ilk olaraq orta m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rin bazas\u0131nda qurulan m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunub. Haz\u0131rda is\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 30-dan \u00e7ox STEAM m\u0259rk\u0259zi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u00d6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 Elm v\u0259 T\u0259hsil Nazirliyinin d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 bu m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259r vasit\u0259sil\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif layih\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. Misal olaraq, UN\u0130CEF il\u0259 birg\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n «Green Skills through STEAM» \u2013 «STEAM il\u0259 Ya\u015f\u0131l Bacar\u0131qlar» layih\u0259si 240 \u015fagirdin i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 davam edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0259m\u00e7inin STEAM m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rinin \u00f6lk\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si prosesi aktiv \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir. 2024-c\u00fc ilin oktyabr\u0131nda ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan «Ya\u015f\u0131l STEAM Az\u0259rbaycan Festival\u0131» (Ya\u015f\u0131l SAF 2024) bu sah\u0259nin inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm add\u0131mlardan biridir. \u00d6lk\u0259nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif regionlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n 19 STEAM m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 500-d\u0259n \u00e7ox \u015fagird festivalda i\u015ftirak etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

STEAM m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259ri art\u0131q i\u015f\u011faldan azad edilmi\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rimizd\u0259 d\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b. \u015eu\u015fa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259ki 1 n\u00f6mr\u0259li tam orta m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131lan m\u0259rk\u0259z bu sah\u0259d\u0259 bir ilkdir. Qaraba\u011f Universitetind\u0259 d\u0259 STEAM m\u0259rk\u0259zinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ilkin m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r apar\u0131l\u0131b v\u0259 bu m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rin A\u011fdam, La\u00e7\u0131n, Z\u0259ngilan, K\u0259lb\u0259c\u0259r kimi dig\u0259r \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 inteqrasiyas\u0131 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2026-c\u0131 il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r STEAM metodologiyas\u0131n\u0131n 10 000 sinifd\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si v\u0259 280 000 \u015fagirdin bu t\u0259hsild\u0259n faydalanmas\u0131 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Haz\u0131rda bu metodologiya 210 000-d\u0259n \u00e7ox \u015fagirdi \u0259hat\u0259 edir v\u0259 Bak\u0131, Sumqay\u0131t v\u0259 regionlar daxil olmaqla 398 m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu t\u0259hsil metodologiyas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan t\u0259hsilinin modernl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si v\u0259 XXI \u0259srin t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun kadrlar\u0131n yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan vacib bir add\u0131md\u0131r. \u00d6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 bu metodologiya kurrikulum konsepsiyas\u0131na inteqrasiya olunaraq XXI \u0259sr bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 a\u015f\u0131lama\u011fa y\u00f6n\u0259lib. M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rin t\u0259liml\u0259r\u0259 c\u0259lb olunmas\u0131, yeni avadanl\u0131qlar\u0131n istifad\u0259si v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131 STEAM metodologiyas\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furlu t\u0259tbiqin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0259tic\u0259 etibaril\u0259, STEAM t\u0259hsil metodologiyas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan g\u0259ncl\u0259rini g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yin t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq haz\u0131rlay\u0131r v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin t\u0259hsil strategiyas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutur. \u00c7\u00fcnki XXI \u0259srin m\u0259zunu yaln\u0131z bilikl\u0259r\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n, d\u00fcnyaya t\u00f6hf\u0259 ver\u0259n, innovasiyalara v\u0259 yeni texnologiyalara adaptasiya olan, davaml\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259 bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahib bir insand\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vaqif F\u018fTULLAYEV<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>\"image_print\"<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) m\u00fcasir t\u0259hmsil yana\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ehtiva etm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259ri bir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1154,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-in"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1153"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1155,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1153\/revisions\/1155"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pedaqoq.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}